More than 4 billion people lack water for at least 1 month every year. Furthermore, it is estimated that by 2025, half the world´s population could potentially face water scarcity. Factors driving an increase in water scarcity include climate change, climate-related catastrophes, ground water contamination through the increasing usage of pesticides and fertilizers, the release of untreated municipal waste into water bodies, and population growth with its subsequent need for expansion of industrialization, agriculture, and food production.
At present, water generation and purification technologies suffer from high capital and operational expenditure costs. Innovative process designs that improve efficiency are likely to have a major impact in terms of improving the economic viability of water purification and generation technologies. Research and development activities in both technology areas are expected to increase in future, supported by increases in regulatory support and rising awareness of the detrimental effects of climate change and water scarcity.
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