Passenger cars have included HVAC systems since the second half of the past century. The United States produced the first car with air conditioning in the 1960s. Initially, the HVAC system was a premium feature. However, in most European countries, HVAC systems have become a standard feature in automobiles.
There are two types of HVAC systems: manual and automatic. Manual HVAC systems are rudimentary, with knobs to adjust the airflow to the desired level, while automatic HVAC systems maintain the desired temperature within the cabin by adjusting airflow based on the preset temperature by the passengers. Automatic systems also have the option to divide the cabin into zones and set different temperatures for individual zones based on the preferences of each passenger. In battery electric vehicles (BEVs), HVAC systems have higher importance owing to the additional heat that the electrical components generate.
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